Suchergebnisse

В статье анализируются социальные основы местного самоуправления в России. Рассматриваются взаимодействия социальных субъектов местного самоуправления. Определяется, что местное сообщество является базовым элементом местного самоуправления, который обеспечивает баланс сил между личностью, представляющей индивидуальные интересы и социальным институтом.The article analyses social bases of local government in Russia. The author considers the interactions of social subjects of local government. He determines that the local community is a basic element of local government which provides a balance of forces between a person representing individual interests and a social institute.

Methodical approaches to the integral measurement of social sentiments dynamics of Russia's population are set forth in the article. The author analyzes changes in sentiments of Russia's society during the recent few years on the basis of Social Sentiments Index (SSI), which is the most general indicator of societal mass sentiments development that estimates actual dynamics of the situation in the society and expresses the influence of mass conscience on the development of the country. The necessity of further improving the technique of the SSI construction is grounded that is connected, first, with the need of verifying actual effectiveness of the instrument developed ten years ago and second, with the desire to extend the spectrum of social-economical and political evaluations that are important for constructing the integral index. The results of developing and applying the new methods of constructing the SSI are presented in the article. Factor analysis shows that new points developed instead of "controversial" points of the existing technique of SSI calculation meet the task of constructing the consolidated index also from the formallystatistical point of view. Statistical analysis of the possibility of including new indices in calculations of a consolidated index of social sentiments allowed suggesting a new, extended version of SSI that also takes into account the population attitude to power structures the President and the Government. High level of positive correlation between indices calculated by different techniques also proves that these methodical changes meet the task of measuring the consolidated dynamics of social sentiments. The development of a new instrument allowed not only to replenish the existing technique of constructing the consolidated index of social sentiments dynamics Social Sentiments Index (SSI), but also to widen the understanding and ways of measuring the processes of mass sentiments formation. Both new indices confirm the dynamic evaluations of social sentiments that are now being measured by the SSI. But the disturbing fact is that extension of the factors spectrum of social sentiments formation provided by the improved technique of calculation shows much more significant aggravation of social sentiments. ; Methodical approaches to the integral measurement of social sentiments dynamics of Russia's population are set forth in the article. The author analyzes changes in sentiments of Russia's society during the recent few years on the basis of Social Sentiments Index (SSI), which is the most general indicator of societal mass sentiments development that estimates actual dynamics of the situation in the society and expresses the influence of mass conscience on the development of the country. The necessity of further improving the technique of the SSI construction is grounded that is connected, first, with the need of verifying actual effectiveness of the instrument developed ten years ago and second, with the desire to extend the spectrum of social-economical and political evaluations that are important for constructing the integral index. The results of developing and applying the new methods of constructing the SSI are presented in the article. Factor analysis shows that new points developed instead of "controversial" points of the existing technique of SSI calculation meet the task of constructing the consolidated index also from the formallystatistical point of view. Statistical analysis of the possibility of including new indices in calculations of a consolidated index of social sentiments allowed suggesting a new, extended version of SSI that also takes into account the population attitude to power structures the President and the Government. High level of positive correlation between indices calculated by different techniques also proves that these methodical changes meet the task of measuring the consolidated dynamics of social sentiments. The development of a new instrument allowed not only to replenish the existing technique of constructing the consolidated index of social sentiments dynamics Social Sentiments Index (SSI), but also to widen the understanding and ways of measuring the processes of mass sentiments formation. Both new indices confirm the dynamic evaluations of social sentiments that are now being measured by the SSI. But the disturbing fact is that extension of the factors spectrum of social sentiments formation provided by the improved technique of calculation shows much more significant aggravation of social sentiments.

В данной работе рассматривается проблема выбора предмета исследования политической науки в современных условиях. Автор предлагает поставить в центр внимания политологии процесс выявления и решения социальных проблем. Исходя из этого, рассматриваются возможности дальнейшего развития политологии в России.In the given article the problem of choosing the object of political science research in modern conditions is being considered. The author suggests rising in the centre of political science attention the process of revealing and solving social problems. On this assumption the possibilities of further development of political science in Russia are considered.

The subject. The article is devoted to integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that theoretical mechanisms of conflictology may be effectively applied into constitutional legal theory to prevent con‐ stitutional legal conflicts.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and sociological approach.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes the genesis of legal conflictology theory in different humanitarian sciences and its periodization, including integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The author substantiates necessity and justification of application of theoretical and methodological bases of science of conflictology in the constitutional and municipal law for the purpose of forecasting, identification and the resolution of the corresponding constitutional and legal conflicts.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law is a research level of legal conflictology. The subject of this kind of conflictology are legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law, their prediction, identification and resolution. It is necessary to take into account the following postulates of the General theory of conflictology in the study of legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law:– the conflict is natural, objective and acts as an integral property of social life;– the social conflict at the same time acts as a stabilizing factor of functioning of social system;– social conflict is a complex social phenomenon as well as a process having structural, spatial‐temporal and dynamic characteristics;– the organic connection of law conflict with the law. The legal conflict arises about legal phenomena, it is realized under the influence and with the application of legal norms, it is resolved on the basis of legal regulation;– there is a special kind of political conflict that arises within the existing government, where each of the groups within the ruling class has more private interests and its own vision of the situation.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law bases on the general theoretical postulates of the science of social conflicts. Constitutional conflict is a political type of social conflict – a disagreement between the subjects of constitutional and municipal legal relations over constitutional values, which can be transformed into legally significant conflict and generate legal consequences.Conclusions. The object of scientific knowledge of legal conflictology in constitutional and municipal law is a constitutional and legal conflict, the study of which should be based on the above postulates of the general theory of conflictology, and can not be limited to purely legal knowledge. ; Рассматривается процесс формирования юридической конфликтологии на основе различных гуманитарных наук, этапы развития научных представлений о конфликтологии и их интеграции в юридическую науку. Обосновывается необходимость и оправданность применения теоретических и методологических основ науки конфликтологии в конституционном и муниципальном праве в целях прогнозирования, выявления и разрешения соответствующих конституционно‐правовых конфликтов.

Автор анализирует наиболее важные теоретические вызовы, предъявляемые современной мирополитической парадигмой традиционной концепции государства как суверенного актора международных отношений. Выход из теоретического тупика представляется возможным найти в обращении к неволюнтаристским измерениям власти и в признании структурного характера суверенитета ; The author analyzes the most significant theoretical challenges posed by the contemporary world politics paradigm to the traditional concept of the state as a sovereign actor of international relationships. According to the author, in order to find a way out of the theoretical deadlock it"s worth turning to the nonvoluntarist dimensions of power and acknowledge structural character of sovereignty.

В статье авторы определяют социокультурные и политические причины первостепенной роли языка в современных социальных трансформациях. Во-первых, рассмотрен теоретико-концептуальный контекст анализа взаимодействий «языка общества культуры». Во-вторых, проанализирован современный социальный и политический контекст «борьбы» за право разговаривать на определенном языке. В-третьих, рассмотрена система аспектов проведения культурной политики в области языка в России. В заключение ставятся новые концептуальные проблемы развития культурной политики в области языка. ; In thearticle the authors define the social and cultural reasons of the primary role of language in the contemporary social transformations. Firstly, the theoretical and conceptual context of analysis of the interrelations between "language-society-culture" is discussed. Secondly, the contemporary political context in the social practice of the "struggle" in fighting for the rights to speak one's own language is analyzed. Thirdly, the system of elements in the realization of the cultural politics in the sphere of language in Russia is given. The article concludes with the new conceptual problems in cultural politics of the language.

Статья посвящена исследованию феномена неадекватности, то есть несоответствия между реальностью и мышлением, сознанием, деятельностью людей, которое, по мнению автора, достигло своих пиковых показателей, диктуя ход и исход различных явлений и процессов общественной жизни. Анализируя, в частности, украинский кризис, автор аргументирует, что с антитезой неадекватности адекватностью был бы невозможен или сильно затруднен излюбленный прием «мирового правительства»: оставаясь в «тени», создавать стараниями местечковых неадекватов управляемый хаос, потом переводить его в стадию неуправляемого, а затем безнаказанно грабить и уничтожать нации и государства ; Article investigates to phenomenon of inadequacy, that is discrepancies between reality and thinking, consciousness, activities of people, which, according to author, reached its peak indicators, dictating course and outcome of various phenomena and processes of social life. Analyzing, in particular, Ukrainian crisis, author argues, that with antithesis of inadequacy adequacy would have been impossible or very difficult task favourite reception of «World government»: remaining in «shadow», create with efforts of parochial inadequate controlled chaos, then turn it into stage of uncontrolled, and then impunity rob and destroy nations and states

В статье анализируются современные отечественные исторические исследования, в которых прямо или косвенно рассматриваются этиологические факторы Первой мировой войны. Авторы приходят к выводам о том, что в современной историографии поддерживается традиция поиска причин Первой мировой войны, прежде всего, в экономической и политической плоскостях, характерная для советской историографии. Вместе с тем, в современной историографии в качестве этиологических факторов Первой мировой войны называются националистические настроения, милитаризация, демографические процессы, империалистический менталитет, кризис авторитарного государства.The article deals with works of modern Russian historians who (directly or indirectly) study the problem of causes of World War I. Authors conclude that in modern Russian historiography prevails the trend of looking for causes of First World War mainly in economical and political spheres. This tendency originates from Soviet (i.e. Marxist-Leninist) historical school. However, some historians give emphasis to such factors as nationalist feelings, militarization, demographical processes, imperialistic mentality and crisis of authoritarian states on the eve of World War I.

This article reviews the ideas and motives of modern terrorism, discloses the concept of destructive human behavior, the analysis of the socio-cultural situation at the beginning of the XXI century and revealed disturbing factors intensify nationalist and religious terrorism as the most dangerous form of terrorism.

В статье речь идет о государственной политике Российской Федерации в сфере предоставления социальных услуг населению в области здравоохранения и социальной защиты. Обсуждаются новые возможности и проблемы реформирования системы социальных льгот для отдельных категорий граждан, имеющих право на предоставление набора социальных услуг. На материалах писем-обращений депутатов по поручению общественных объединений граждан в Министерство здравоохранения и социального развития РФ и интервью с экспертами автор проводит анализ отношения экспертов и населения к проводимому реформированию системы социальных льгот. ; The article is about national policy of Russian Federation in area of social services provision for population in fields of health care and social protection. New possibilities and problems are discussed concerning the reforms of the system of social privileges for certain categories of citizens eligible for the set of social services. The author analyses letters-requests to the Ministry of Health Care and Social Development submitted by the deputies of the State Parliament on behalf of the non-governmental associations of citizens. Also, the interviews with the experts and ordinary people about their opinion regarding the reforms of the system of social privileges are analyzed.

В своей новой книге В. М. Ефимов развивает применение методологии прагматизма Дж. Дьюи в экономических исследованиях. Приложение этой методологии представлено в духе традиций «исходного» институционализма Дж. Коммонса и немецкой историко-этической школы Г. Шмоллера. Автор критически рассматривает магистральные течения современной экономической мысли, в особенности – новой институциональной теории. В книге показана апологетическая и антинаучная сущность последней. Принципиальной новацией обсуждаемой книги стало рассмотрение монетарных социальных порядков, в которых власть проявляется через посредство института денег, в отличие от патрональных порядков, где она являет себя непосредственно. Институты трактуются как опривыченные правила, за которыми стоят верования и представления. Кредитная природа денег потребовала рассмотрения роли платежных сообществ, их роли в создании и использовании денег как орудия власти. В рецензии рассмотрены вопросы, требующие дальнейшей разработки в рамках заявленной в книге тематики: в частности, предлагается развитие экспериментального подхода в экономических исследованиях, совершенствование подготовки экономистов-исследователей и ряд других.

Проанализированы научные точки зрения, имеющиеся в современной юридической литературе, по теоретическим проблемам принципов организации и функционирования государственного механизма. Акцентируется внимание на принципе разделения властей как основополагающем принципе организации и функционирования механизма современного правового государства. Предлагается авторское видение теоретико-правового понятия принципов организации и функционирования государственного механизма и перспектив его применения в юридической науке. ; The doctrinal approaches to the definition of the principles of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of the state in jurisprudence are investigated. The attention is focused on the principle of the division of the powers as a basic principle of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of a modern lawful state. The scientific points of view which are available in the modern legal literature, on theoretical problems of the principles of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of the state are analyzed. The absence of the unity of the methodological approaches in the modern jurisprudence to the principles of the organization of the mechanism of the state, their classification and system is noticed that on the one hand causes complexity of research of the specified scientific problem, with another the absence of the ideology of the etatism and dominating methodology in scientific researches promotes the all-round analysis and realization of a principle of objectivity of scientific knowledge. The author comes to the conclusion that fastening of the principles at the legislative level is the certificate of the recognition of the objectivity of their existence; however the absence of their legislatively fixed concept and the list is not an obstacle for their effective influence on the organization and functioning of the mechanism of the state. The author's vision of the theoretical-legal concept of the principles of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of the state and the prospect of its application in the jurisprudence is offered. The explanation of main principles of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of the state has allowed to make their scientific definition in a following statement: the principles of the organization and functioning of the mechanism of a modern lawful state are basic rather stable and doctrinal fixed beginnings separate from which have the standard expression, underlying the formations, organizations and functioning of the mechanism of a modern lawful state and defining its essence, social appointment, the functional orientation, having obligatory character.

Вниманию читателей предлагается информация о VII (Юбилейном) Всероссийском конгрессе политологов «Политическая наука перед вызовами современной политики», который был организован Российской ассоциацией политической науки в ноябре 2015 г. Конгресс продемонстрировал значительный потенциал российской политической науки для выработки ответов на вызовы современной политики, ее возможности для политического образования в стране и участия в научном экспертном обеспечении политики в российском обществе. ; The paper offers an information about the 7th (Jubilee) All-Russian Congress of Political Scientists «Political Science and the Challenges of Modern Politics», which was organized by the Russian Political Science Association in November 2015. The Congress has shown the Russian political science potential in developing answers to the challenges of modern politics, political education in the country and participation in science expert providing of the policy in Russian society.